Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and colonoscopy are diagnostic procedures that allow doctors to visually examine the inside of the digestive tract. Endoscopy involves inserting a long, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end, called an endoscope, through the mouth or anus to examine the upper or lower digestive tract, respectively. Colonoscopy specifically examines the large intestine, or colon, using a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope.

These procedures can help diagnose a variety of gastrointestinal conditions, such as ulcers, inflammation, bleeding, polyps, and cancer. They can also be used to biopsy or remove abnormal tissue.

Patients typically receive sedation to make the procedure more comfortable, and the entire process usually takes less than an hour. After the procedure, patients may experience bloating, cramping, or mild discomfort, but these symptoms usually resolve quickly.

It's important to prepare for these procedures by following the doctor's instructions, which may include a special diet, laxatives, or fasting beforehand. Patients should also inform their doctor of any medications they are taking, as they may need to be adjusted or temporarily stopped prior to the procedure.

Overall, GI endoscopy and colonoscopy are valuable tools in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal conditions, and can help promote long-term digestive health.